Fingerprint Sensor Biometric Access Control System Using IoT for Secure Entry

The Fingerprint Sensor Biometric Access Control System Using IoT for Secure Entry is designed to provide a robust and secure access control solution through the integration of fingerprint biometrics and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This project aims to replace traditional access methods, such as keys or PIN codes, with fingerprint recognition to enhance security. By leveraging IoT, the system offers additional features such as remote monitoring and control, ensuring that only authorized personnel can gain access to secured areas. This system is ideal for various applications where secure entry is paramount.

Objectives

- To develop a secure and user-friendly access control system using fingerprint biometrics.

- To integrate IoT capabilities for remote monitoring and management of access.

- To ensure that the system can be easily implemented in various environments requiring high security.

- To enhance the overall security by reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

- To provide a scalable solution that can be expanded to meet future security needs.

Key Features

- Fingerprint sensor for biometric identification and authentication.

- IoT integration for real-time monitoring and remote access management.

- Secure entry mechanism with high accuracy and reliability.

- User-friendly interface with LCD display for seamless operation.

- Expandable system design to accommodate additional security features as required.

Application Areas

The Fingerprint Sensor Biometric Access Control System Using IoT for Secure Entry is suitable for a wide range of applications where security is crucial. This includes commercial buildings, office spaces, residential complexes, and government facilities. The system ensures that only authorized individuals can access restricted areas, making it ideal for places that store sensitive information or high-value items. Educational institutions can also benefit from this system to control access to certain parts of the campus. Additionally, it can be deployed in healthcare facilities to protect patient records and ensure the safety of medical supplies.

Detailed Working of Fingerprint Sensor Biometric Access Control System Using IoT for Secure Entry :

The fingerprint sensor biometric access control system using IoT for secure entry is a sophisticated and highly efficient security system designed to ensure that only authorized individuals can gain access to restricted areas. The system integrates a fingerprint sensor, IoT capabilities, and various other electronic components to create a seamless and secure access control mechanism. The heart of the system is the ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller, which orchestrates the entire operation.

At the outset, the system is powered by a 24V AC power supply, which is stepped down and regulated to 5V and 3.3V DC using a series of voltage regulators (LM7805 and LM7805 regulators). This regulated power is essential for the stable operation of the microcontroller and other electronic components. Once powered up, the ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller initializes the system by booting up and configuring all connected peripherals.

The fingerprint sensor is the primary input device for the system. When a user places their finger on the sensor, it captures the fingerprint data and sends it to the microcontroller for processing. The ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller, with its integrated Wi-Fi capability, can communicate with an IoT platform or a local database to verify the fingerprint against a pre-stored database of authorized fingerprints. This process involves complex algorithms to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the fingerprint recognition.

Upon successful verification of the fingerprint, the microcontroller sends a signal to the servo motor driver, causing the servo motor to rotate to unlock the door or barrier. The servo motor is connected to a mechanical locking mechanism that physically secures the entry point. The use of a servo motor ensures precise control over the locking and unlocking process, providing a high level of security.

An LCD display is also connected to the system to provide real-time feedback to the user. The display shows messages such as "Place Finger," "Access Granted," or "Access Denied," informing the user about the status of the authentication process. This user interface enhances the overall user experience by making the system more intuitive and user-friendly.

Additionally, the system includes a set of push buttons that can be used for various purposes, such as enrolling new fingerprints, deleting existing fingerprints, or other administrative functions. These buttons are connected to the microcontroller, allowing the system to be configured and managed directly from the device without the need for external tools or software.

For added security and functionality, a buzzer is integrated into the system. The buzzer can provide audible alerts or notifications, such as a beep sound when an unauthorized fingerprint is detected or when the system encounters an error. This auditory feedback mechanism helps in drawing the user's attention to important events, ensuring prompt action when necessary.

The IoT aspect of the system allows for remote monitoring and management of the access control system. The ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller, with its built-in Wi-Fi, can send logs and updates to a remote server or IoT platform. This feature enables administrators to monitor access attempts, review logs, and manage the system from a centralized location, providing an added layer of convenience and security.

In conclusion, the fingerprint sensor biometric access control system using IoT for secure entry is a robust and reliable solution for modern security needs. By combining biometric authentication with IoT capabilities, it offers a high level of security, ease of use, and remote management. The seamless integration of various electronic components, orchestrated by the ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller, ensures that the system operates efficiently, making it an ideal choice for securing sensitive areas.

Modules used to make Fingerprint Sensor Biometric Access Control System Using IoT for Secure Entry :

1. Power Supply Module:

The power supply module is responsible for providing the necessary electrical power to all components in the system. It involves a transformer converting 220V AC from the mains to a lower voltage, typically 24V AC. This AC voltage is then rectified using a bridge rectifier to produce a DC voltage. A filter capacitor smooths out fluctuations, and the resultant DC voltage is further regulated using voltage regulators (such as the LM7805 and LM7812) to provide stable 5V and 12V DC outputs. These regulated voltages power the microcontroller, fingerprint sensor, LCD display, and other components, ensuring the system operates reliably.

2. ESP32 Microcontroller Module:

The ESP32 microcontroller is the central control unit of the project. It interfaces with all other modules, receiving input data, processing it, and sending appropriate output signals. The ESP32 reads data from the fingerprint sensor to verify user identity, interacts with the IoT cloud to manage access control records, and controls the servo motor mechanism for door operation. It also communicates with the LCD display to show the status of the operation and the buzzer for audio alerts. The ESP32's built-in Wi-Fi capability enables the system to connect to a network for remote monitoring and control.

3. Fingerprint Sensor Module:

The fingerprint sensor module captures the user's fingerprint and converts it into a digital template. When a user places their finger on the sensor, it scans the fingerprint and sends the data to the ESP32 microcontroller. The microcontroller then matches the scanned fingerprint with stored templates in its memory. If a match is found, the user is authenticated; otherwise, access is denied. This module ensures that only authorized users can gain entry, providing high security for the access control system. It works in conjunction with the ESP32 to handle enrolment of new fingerprints and verification of existing ones.

4. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Module:

The LCD module is used to display messages to the user. It provides visual feedback for various operations, including prompts to place a finger on the sensor, access granted or denied messages, and error notifications. The LCD is connected to the ESP32 microcontroller, which sends the data to be displayed. This module is crucial for user interaction, providing immediate and clear information about the system status and operations. It enhances the user experience by presenting real-time updates and instructions.

5. Servo Motor Module:

The servo motor module is responsible for physically controlling the door mechanism. Once the ESP32 confirms a match from the fingerprint sensor, it sends a control signal to the servo motor to unlock the door. The servo rotates to a predetermined angle, moving the lock mechanism and allowing access. After a set duration, the servo motor returns to its original position, locking the door. This module is vital for the mechanical aspect of the access control system, directly securing or granting physical entry based on authentication results.

6. Buzzer Module:

The buzzer module provides audio feedback for user actions and system status. It is used to emit a sound when access is granted or denied, ensuring that the user is aware of the outcome. The buzzer is controlled by the ESP32 microcontroller, which sends signals to activate it during specific events. This module enhances the user interface by providing immediate auditory confirmation, complementing visual information displayed on the LCD. The buzzer can also alert users to errors or issues that require attention.

Components Used in Fingerprint Sensor Biometric Access Control System Using IoT for Secure Entry :

Power Supply Section

Transformer: Converts the 220V AC from the mains to 24V AC to be used in the circuit.

Bridge Rectifier: Converts the 24V AC to DC voltage. Used to provide DC supply to various components.

Capacitors: Used for filtering the rectified DC voltage to make it smoother before further regulation.

Voltage Regulators (LM7812 and LM7805): LM7812 converts input to 12V DC, and LM7805 converts input to 5V DC, providing stable voltages to different modules.

Control Unit

ESP-WROOM-32: This microcontroller unit serves as the brain of the system, handling inputs, processing data, and sending outputs to different components.

Input Section

Fingerprint Sensor: Captures and scans fingerprints, sending the data to the microcontroller for authentication.

Push Buttons: Used for manual inputs like adding a new fingerprint, removing a fingerprint, and performing system resets.

Output Section

Servo Motor: Actuates to physically control the locking mechanism based on the fingerprint authentication result.

LCD Display: Provides real-time feedback and status updates to the user during the fingerprint scanning and verification process.

Buzzer: Emits sound alerts to indicate successful or failed authentication attempts and other system alerts.

Other Possible Projects Using this Project Kit:

1. Smart Home Security System

Using the same hardware components, you can develop a Smart Home Security System. The fingerprint sensor, when attached to the ESP32, can act as a security module that verifies the identity of individuals trying to enter the house. The servo motor can be used to control door locks. The LCD display will show the status of the security system and alert messages can be sent over the internet using the WiFi capabilities of the ESP32. Buttons can be integrated to arm/disarm the security system, and the buzzer can serve as an alarm in case of unauthorized access attempts. This project can also be expanded to include additional sensors like motion detectors or cameras for enhanced security.

2. Smart Attendance System

Another interesting project that can be made using this kit is a Smart Attendance System for schools, colleges, or offices. The fingerprint sensor can be used to efficiently mark the attendance of students or employees. Each fingerprint registered with the ESP32 can be linked to a unique ID, and attendance logs can be recorded and stored in a database via the internet. The LCD display will show the confirmation of attendance for each individual. The ESP32’s connectivity can also enable real-time reporting of attendance data to a server, making it easy to manage and analyze attendance records.

3. IoT-Based Locker System

You can also create an IoT-Based Locker System using the components from this project kit. The fingerprint sensor can serve as the biometric verification method to unlock the locker. The servo motor will control the locking and unlocking mechanism. The ESP32 board can send an alert to the user’s phone or email whenever the locker is accessed. The LCD display will confirm successful access and display any error messages. The integrated buttons can offer additional functionalities like setting up new passwords or initiating manual overrides. This project ensures secure storage of valuable items, making it useful for homes, offices, or even gym lockers.

4. Smart Doorbell with Biometric Access

Another project idea is a Smart Doorbell with Biometric Access. The fingerprint sensor, connected to the ESP32, serves to identify visitors. If an authorized fingerprint is detected, the doorbell will automatically unlock the door using the servo motor mechanism. The LCD display can show a welcome message or a notification if access is denied. The buzzer can be used for notification sounds. With the ESP32’s internet capabilities, the system can send entry notifications or security alerts to the homeowner’s smartphone or other devices, providing an extra layer of convenience and security.