DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine Using ESP32 and RFID Reader for Automation

The DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine project utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller and an RFID reader to automate the distribution of Coca Cola cans. This project is designed to demonstrate how common electronic components can be interoperated to create an automated vending machine. By integrating an RFID reader, the vending machine can identify and authenticate users to dispense cans, making the entire operation secure and efficient. Ideally suited for hobbyists, students, and anyone interested in practical applications of IOT components, this project provides hands-on experience in automation, electronics, and programming.

Objectives

To develop an automated vending machine capable of dispensing Coca Cola cans.

To use an RFID reader for user authentication and validation.

To demonstrate the practical application of ESP32 microcontroller in automation projects.

To integrate a user-friendly LCD display for real-time feedback.

To provide a low-cost solution for automated vending mechanisms.

Key Features

1. Integration of ESP32 microcontroller for efficient control and communication.

2. Secure and reliable RFID-based user authentication system.

3. User-friendly LCD display for real-time status and operational feedback.

4. Automated dispensing mechanism powered by a motor controlled through L298N driver.

5. Audio feedback using a buzzer for successful transactions and alerts.

Application Areas

The DIY Coca Cola vending machine project can be applied in various scenarios where automation of beverage dispensing is required. It is particularly suitable for use in small office environments, schools, and recreational centers where monitoring and control of beverage distribution are necessary. Additionally, it can serve educational purposes by helping students and electronics enthusiasts understand the practical application of microcontrollers and RFID technology in automation. It can also be adapted for use in event settings or temporary kiosks where low-cost and efficient vending solutions are beneficial.

Detailed Working of DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine Using ESP32 and RFID Reader for Automation :

The DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine is a fascinating project that melds intelligent electronics with mechanical automation. At its heart, the ESP32 microcontroller works in harmony with various sensors and modules to deliver a nuanced and user-friendly experience. In conjunction with the RFID reader, the vending machine not only automates the delivery of Coca Cola cans but also enhances security and customization of the user interface.

The journey begins at the RFID reader, a crucial component that identifies unique RFID tags. Users hold up their RFID cards to the reader, which promptly transmits the card’s data to the ESP32. This data flow is instantaneous, and the ESP32 processes it in real time, verifying the credentials stored in its memory. If the card data matches a pre-authorized user, the ESP32 prepares to initiate the vending cycle.

Upon successful identification, the ESP32 communicates with the relay module that controls the vending machine’s motor. Motors in the vending machine are typically linked to a mechanical dispensing mechanism that releases cans of Coca Cola. The ESP32 sends a high signal to the relay, activating the motor. This motor action triggers the orderly release of a Coca Cola can. Concurrently, the motor driver module - represented in the circuit as an L298N H-Bridge Double Motor Driver - ensures the motor runs smoothly, controlling the speed and direction of the motor's rotation for precise dispensing.

Interlaced with these components is an IR sensor that plays a pivotal role in confirming the dispensing of Coca Cola cans. Once the motor starts, the IR sensor keeps an electronic eye on the exit chute. As soon as a can passes through, the IR sensor registers this activity and communicates the successful dispense back to the ESP32. If no can is detected within a predetermined time, the system assumes a fault and conveys an error message.

Another key player in this system is the LCD display. Connected to the ESP32, the display provides vital status updates and feedback to users. It shows messages such as ‘Please scan your card’, ‘Authenticating’, ‘Dispensing Coca Cola’, and even ‘Error, please try again’, thereby enhancing user experience and ensuring clear communication at every step. The user interface is intuitive and dynamic, thanks to the constant updates it receives from the ESP32 based on real-time operations.

To further augment the user experience, there is a buzzer integrated into the system. This buzzer, upon completing each significant action such as card authentication or can dispense, emits a sound alert. The auditory feedback reassures users that their interactions with the machine are being processed correctly. It also serves as a prompt for the user to collect their drink or retry if an error occurs.

Powering this intricate setup, the power module ensures that all components receive a steady and reliable power supply. The power configuration often involves stepping down the main voltage to safe levels suitable for the components, predominantly handled by voltage regulators or a transformer setup. This guarantees that the ESP32, RFID reader, motor driver, and other peripherals function optimally without overheating or power surges.

In summary, the DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine using an ESP32 and RFID reader is a brilliant fusion of hardware and software engineering. It showcases a seamless flow of data and control signals between components, ensuring efficient processes from user card scan to the final dispense of Coca Cola cans. The harmonious operation of the ESP32 microcontroller, RFID system, motor driver, IR sensor, LCD display, and buzzer, supported by a reliable power management system, realizes an automated, interactive, and precise vending solution.

Modules used to make DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine Using ESP32 and RFID Reader for Automation :

1. Power Supply Module

The power supply module is crucial for providing the necessary voltage and current to the components of the vending machine. The input is a 220V AC supply, converted to a lower voltage using a transformer, typically 24V AC. This voltage is then rectified and regulated to the appropriate DC levels required by different modules. For instance, the ESP32 microcontroller and other digital components generally need a stable 5V or 3.3V DC supply. Proper regulation is achieved using voltage regulators and capacitors to smooth the output. Each component in the system receives the right amount of power, ensuring smooth and stable operation, preventing overvoltage damage, and ensuring reliable performance.

2. ESP32 Microcontroller

The ESP32 microcontroller is the brain of the vending machine. It processes input data from various sensors and controls the output devices. The ESP32 has built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, allowing remote monitoring and control. In this project, it receives input data from the RFID reader, the IR sensor, and buttons. The microcontroller processes this data and decides if the conditions for vending a product are met. Based on the logic programmed into it, the ESP32 sends signals to actuate the necessary outputs such as the motor driver to dispense the Coca-Cola bottle and the buzzer to indicate successful or unsuccessful vending operations.

3. RFID Reader Module

The RFID reader module is used to scan RFID tags associated with authorized users. When a user places their RFID card near the reader, the module reads the unique identifier of the card and sends this data to the ESP32 microcontroller. The ESP32 checks this identifier against a pre-programmed list of authorized IDs. If the ID is valid, the vending process can proceed; otherwise, access is denied. This ensures that only users with the correct authorization can operate the vending machine, adding a layer of security to the system. The module typically communicates with the ESP32 via serial communication protocols.

4. LCD Display Module

The LCD display module provides a user interface for the vending machine. It displays instructions, status messages, and feedback to the user. For instance, it can show messages such as "Scan your card," "Processing," "Vending in progress," or "Access Denied." The ESP32 sends data to the LCD module to update the display based on the current state of the machine. This interaction helps in guiding and informing the user throughout the vending process, making the machine more user-friendly and interactive. The LCD typically interfaces with the ESP32 using I2C or SPI communication protocols.

5. Motor Driver and DC Motor

The motor driver module is essential for controlling the DC motor responsible for dispensing the Coca-Cola bottles. The ESP32 sends control signals to the motor driver, which then powers the DC motor. The motor driver acts as an intermediary, translating low-power control signals from the microcontroller into high-power inputs suitable for the motor. The motor driver can also manage the direction and speed of the motor. The motor driver and motor work together to ensure bottles are dispensed properly when the vending conditions are met and prevent any damage due to overloading or incorrect operation.

6. IR Sensor Module

The IR sensor module detects the presence of an object, such as a Coca-Cola bottle, in a specific area. In this project, it is used to verify if a bottle has been successfully dispensed. When the ESP32 initiates the vending process, the IR sensor monitors the chute to detect the passing bottle. If the sensor detects a bottle within a specified time, it sends a signal to the ESP32 confirming successful dispensing. Otherwise, the ESP32 can retry the operation or alert the user of a fault. This sensor ensures that the vending machine operates correctly and reliably by confirming each vending action.

7. Buzzer Module

The buzzer module provides audible feedback to the user. It is used to indicate successful transactions, errors, or status changes. For instance, a short beep might indicate that an RFID card has been read, while a long beep might signify a transaction complete, and a series of beeps could indicate an error or unauthorized access attempt. The ESP32 controls the buzzer by sending appropriate signals to produce different sounds. This auditory feedback helps users understand the status of the vending process and quickly recognize if there’s an issue. It enhances user experience by providing immediate and clear feedback on actions taken.

Components Used in DIY Coca Cola Vending Machine Using ESP32 and RFID Reader for Automation :

Power Supply Module

Transformer
Converts high voltage AC from the mains into a lower voltage AC suitable for the machine.

Bridge Rectifier
Converts the AC voltage from the transformer to DC voltage.

Capacitors
Smooth out the DC voltage from the rectifier.

Control Unit Module

ESP32
The main microcontroller that manages the overall operation of the vending machine.

RFID Module

RFID Reader (RC522)
Allows the machine to read RFID cards, identifying users or products.

Display Module

LCD Display
Shows information and prompts for user interaction and progress updates.

Motor Control Module

L298N Motor Driver
Controls the motor that dispenses the Coca-Cola cans.

DC Motor
Mechanism for physically dispensing the Coca-Cola cans.

Sensor Module

IR Sensor
Detects if a can has been successfully dispensed.

Sound Module

Buzzer
Provides audio feedback for user actions or errors.

Other Possible Projects Using this Project Kit:

Automated Door Lock System with RFID

Using the RFID reader and the ESP32, you can create an automated door lock system. The RFID reader will scan the RFID tags/cards provided to authorized users. When a valid card is scanned, a solenoid lock connected to the circuit will be activated to unlock the door. This project is ideal for enhancing the security of homes, offices, and other secure areas. The ESP32 microcontroller can be programmed to store multiple RFID tags, allowing multiple users to access the system. With the addition of an LCD display, the system can also provide real-time feedback and status updates to users.

Smart Attendance System

An RFID-based attendance system can streamline the process of tracking attendance in schools, colleges, or workplaces. In this setup, each student or employee is given an RFID card. The RFID reader scans the card when the person enters the premises. The ESP32 microcontroller logs the information and time, ensuring an accurate and efficient way to record attendance. This information can then be displayed on an LCD screen or sent to a server for further processing and analysis. Additionally, the data can be backed up and accessed remotely, providing a flexible and robust attendance tracking solution.

Inventory Management System

Create an automated inventory management system using the RFID reader, ESP32, and an LCD display. Each item in your inventory will have an RFID tag attached. As items are added or removed from inventory, the RFID reader scans the tags and the ESP32 updates the inventory database accordingly. This system can automatically track stock levels and provide real-time updates on the LCD display. The ESP32 can also be programmed to trigger alerts when inventory levels fall below a predetermined threshold. This project can be extremely useful in retail stores, warehouses, and logistics companies for maintaining accurate stock records and ensuring timely restocking.

Automated Library Management System

An automated library management system can be developed using the RFID reader and ESP32. Each book in the library will have an RFID tag, and library members will have RFID cards. The RFID reader scans the books and member cards during check-out and check-in processes. The ESP32 updates the database with the transaction details, including the borrower’s information and the due date. An LCD display can provide real-time updates and alerts for overdue books. This system will not only streamline library operations but also provide librarians and members with accurate and timely information regarding available books and borrowing histories.

Automated Parking Management System

This project involves automating a parking management system using RFID technology and the ESP32 microcontroller. Each car will have an RFID tag, and the parking spots will be equipped with RFID readers. As a car enters or exits the parking area, the RFID reader scans the tag and updates the status of the parking spot in the system. The ESP32 can handle the logic for detecting available or occupied spots and can also be used to display this information on an LCD screen. The system can be programmed to automate fee collection based on the duration of the parking. This project can be highly effective for managing parking lots in malls, office buildings, and residential complexes.